> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.oxla.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# LAST_VALUE()

## Overview

The `LAST_VALUE()` is a window function that retrieves the last value in an ordered set of values within a specified partition.

## Syntax

The syntax for this function is as follows:

```sql theme={null}
LAST_VALUE(expression) OVER (
    [PARTITION BY partition_expression]
    ORDER BY sort_expression
    RANGE BETWEEN start_value AND end_value
)
```

## Parameters

* `expression`: input's column or expression values that returns a single value. It represents the value you want to retrieve from the first row of the sorted partition
* `PARTITION BY`: optional clause, which divides the result set into partitions to which the `LAST_VALUE()` function is applied (if omitted, the entire result set is treated as a single partition)
* `ORDER BY`: order of rows in each partition to which the function is applied
* `RANGE BETWEEN `: range-based window frame relative to the current row

## Example

For the needs of this section, we will use a simplified version of the `film` table from the Pagila database, containing only the `title`, `length` and `rating` columns. The complete schema for the `film` table can be found on the
<a href="https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/projects/pgFoundry/dbsamples/pagila/pagila/" target="_blank">Pagila</a> website.

```sql theme={null}
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS film;
CREATE TABLE film (
  title text NOT NULL,
  length int,
  rating text
);
INSERT INTO film(title, length, rating) VALUES
  ('ATTRACTION NEWTON', 83, 'PG-13'),
  ('CHRISTMAS MOONSHINE', 150, 'NC-17'),
  ('DANGEROUS UPTOWN', 121, 'PG'),
  ('KILL BROTHERHOOD', 54, 'G'),
  ('HALLOWEEN NUTS', 47, 'PG-13'),
  ('HOURS RAGE', 122, 'NC-17'),
  ('PIANIST OUTFIELD', 136, 'NC-17'),
  ('PICKUP DRIVING', 77, 'G'),
  ('INDEPENDENCE HOTEL', 157, 'NC-17'),
  ('PRIVATE DROP', 106, 'PG'),
  ('SAINTS BRIDE', 125, 'G'),
  ('FOREVER CANDIDATE', 131, 'NC-17'),
  ('MILLION ACE', 142, 'PG-13'),
  ('SLEEPY JAPANESE', 137, 'PG'),
  ('WRATH MILE', 176, 'NC-17'),
  ('YOUTH KICK', 179, 'NC-17'),
  ('CLOCKWORK PARADISE', 143, 'PG-13');
```

The query below uses the `LAST_VALUE()` function to retrieve the title of the film with the longest duration, partitioning results by rating and ordering by length.

```sql theme={null}
SELECT
  title,
  length,
  rating,
  LAST_VALUE(title) OVER (
    PARTITION BY rating
    ORDER BY
      length ASC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
  ) AS shortest_film_in_rating
FROM film;
```

By running the code above, we will get the following output:

```bash theme={null}
| title               | length | rating | longest_film_in_rating | 
|---------------------|--------|--------|------------------------|
| KILL BROTHERHOOD    | 54     | G      | SAINTS BRIDE           | 
| PICKUP DRIVING      | 77     | G      | SAINTS BRIDE           |   
| SAINTS BRIDE        | 125    | G      | SAINTS BRIDE           |  
| HOURS RAGE          | 122    | NC-17  | YOUTH KICK             |   
| FOREVER CANDIDATE   | 131    | NC-17  | YOUTH KICK             |  
| PIANIST OUTFIELD    | 136    | NC-17  | YOUTH KICK             |   
| CHRISTMAS MOONSHINE | 150    | NC-17  | YOUTH KICK             |   
| INDEPENDENCE HOTEL  | 157    | NC-17  | YOUTH KICK             |   
| WRATH MILE          | 176    | NC-17  | YOUTH KICK             |   
| YOUTH KICK          | 179    | NC-17  | YOUTH KICK             |  
| DANGEROUS UPTOWN    | 121    | PG     | SLEEPY JAPANESE        |  
| SLEEPY JAPANESE     | 137    | PG     | SLEEPY JAPANESE        |   
| HALLOWEEN NUTS      | 47     | PG-13  | CLOCKWORK PARADISE     |   
| ATTRACTION NEWTON   | 83     | PG-13  | CLOCKWORK PARADISE     |  
| MILLION ACE         | 142    | PG-13  | CLOCKWORK PARADISE     |  
| CLOCKWORK PARADISE  | 143    | PG-13  | CLOCKWORK PARADISE     |  
```